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只是翻译上半部，下半部等闲暇的时候及时补上．
对望远镜我是个初学者，好多专有名字和相关的术语还不熟悉，译文里必然存在大量错误，请谅解，谢谢！
by Holger Merlitz
Binoculars, designed for military applications, are often found to be of 7x40 type. This specification was very common within the East-Block states, but not exclusively so. The Avimo was a British design, and a couple of Arabic and South Asian countries were supplied with East German or Soviet equipment and used the same optics as well. It is said that recently US soldiers, fighting in Iraq, were eager to capture NVA DF binoculars which were still abundant among Iraqi's troops.
军用望远镜的设计中,7X40为常用规格.此规格在东区的一些洲省较为普遍, 但并不唯一专用.几个阿拉伯和南亚的国家使用的是AVIMO的军镜,由英国设计制造,同时这些国家也使用一些东德和俄罗斯制造的产品.据说美国士兵在伊拉克战争中充分发挥利用NVA DF 7x40军镜,也许这就是伊拉克军方直今仍拒绝使用此款军镜的原因吧.
Why did 7x40 turn out to be so useful for military applications? Because it provides a reasonable compromise between power, low light performance and weight. In contrast to 8x30 binoculars, being another popular choice for armed forces, the 7x40 remains usable under low light conditions, and it is much more likely to find a bunch of troops moving around in the night than under bright sun. At the same time, the 7x40 is more compact and mobile than 7x50, the latter being a favorite choice for naval applications. Modern troops, however, are nowadays equipped with electronically amplified viewing devices and do not any more rely on binoculars with large exit pupils.
为何7X40这种规格如此适合军用呢? 因为它有效的调节平衡了性能,低光线表现和重量之间的冲突.和8X30相比,7X40显然成为又一种适合军队用途的规格.7X40在光线较暗的情况下大显拳脚. 不仅在日光下,它更可以在夜间发现一组行动中的部队.同时,它比7X50的设计更为小巧紧密,移动性强, 7X50的规格更适合海军.然而,现代华的部队更多依赖于电子放大的观察仪器,而不是大出瞳的望远镜了.
The Carl Zeiss Jena DF 7x40, old version with hard-rubber eyecups (1964)
也来翻译一篇： 军镜
The 7x40 DF (Doppel-Fernrohr) of the NVA (Nationale Volksarmee) was introduced in the 1960s and was the first binocular built by Carl Zeiss Jena from scratch since the days of WWII. It replaced the 7x50 Binoctar, 10x50 Dekaris and 8x30 Deltrentis, individual focus versions of Jena's earlier classical line of binoculars. The 7x40 DF was given a short ('stubby') body shape, thereby keeping it rather compact, despite of its large prisms and considerably high weight. With its thick rubber armor, its large oculars with long eye-relief (suitable for use with gas-mask) and the eye catching window of its infrared detector re-charger, the DF had become the classical example of a full fledged military binocular, the blueprint of later 7x40 clones which adopted the same design philosophy. In 1980, it was replaced with the 7x40 EDF, a roof-prism construction which was more compact, but with smaller field of view. The serial number of 3390911 indicates a production in 1964.
Carl Zeiss Jena DF 7x40,老式望远镜,附带硬胶皮的目镜罩,1964年制造.
7x40 DF (Doppel-Fernrohr)是由NVA (Nationale Volksarmee)1960年设计制造的.自从二战后,它是第一部由Carl Zeiss Jena生产的军镜.它取代7x50 Binoctar, 10x50 Dekaris 和 8x30 Deltrentis,等军队望远镜.它具有蔡司早期生产经典’独立’对焦模式.虽然7X50 DF有着较大的棱镜和重量,但外形设计比较短粗,使它依然紧凑坚固.它浑厚的包胶,教大的目镜和很长的出瞳直径以级红外侦察器让士兵带防毒面具时仍可正常使用,成为一代经典的全功能军用望远镜, 序列号为3390311证明了是1964年生产的.之后设计的7X40基本克隆了它的设计原理.到了1980年,它被7X40 EDF而取代.是一种屋脊式的棱镜结构,并且更加紧凑,但视场变得小了些.
The IOR-SA 7x40, version of 2001
也来翻译一篇： 军镜
Quality binoculars for the Romanian army are produced by IOR-Bucuresti, founded in 1936 and from 1937 to 1945 part of the war-industrial complex of the occupying Germany. IOR stands for 'Industry Optic Romania'. The IOR-SA 7x40 was constructed in collaboration with Carl Zeiss Jena, which explains its obvious similarity with the DF 7x40. In contrast to the DF, it is still in production, comes with modern multi-coated lenses, and is nitrogen filled. The contoured eye-cups are useful to prevent stray light entering from behind or the side. A detailed review of this binocular was written by Scott Powers. The serial no. of 0317-01 indicates a production in 2001.
The IOR-SA 7x40,2001年版.
由IOR-Bucuresti生产的高质量罗马尼亚军用望远镜,公司史建于1936年,并从1937年到1945年成为德国战争大工业的一部分.’IOR’是罗马尼亚光学工业代名词. IOR-SA 7x40的构造和Carl Zeiss Jena的军镜一致,例如它和7X40 DF的结构非常相似,不同的是,它还未停产,并镜片带有多层镀膜,内部冲氮.高轮廓型的眼罩有效遮挡了从两侧或后面射来的偏光.此镜的序列号为0317-01代表着2001年生产.
The PZO 7x45, year of production: unknown
也来翻译一篇： 军镜
With 45mm objectives, the PZO occupies a position between the 7x40 and the night-specialist 7x50. It was produced for the Polish army by PZO (Polskie Zaklady Optyczne), a factory located close to Warsaw. After the end of the cold war, the 7x45 remained in production and is nowadays called 'LP-7x45Z'. Like the IOR-SA and the NVA DF, it is featuring an infrared detector, a robust rubber armor, snap-in objective covers and a long eye-relief. The eye-cups are contoured to shield the eyes from side stray light. This sample seems to be without serial no., and it is not easy to estimate its age. The lenses appear to be multi-coated, although not with state of the art technology.
The PZO 7x45,生产工具年代未知.
45mm的物镜, PZO在常用型7X40以级夜间常规型7X50的军镜也占有一席之地.它是PZO(Polskie Zaklady Optyczne)为波兰军队生产的,工厂坐落在华沙(波兰首都)附近.冷战结束后,PZO7X45一直持续生产,近些年改名为LP-7X45Z.和我刚刚介绍过的IOR-SA 和 NVA DF一样,它具有红外线检波器,结实的包胶外壳,扣入式物镜罩和大出瞳直径,眼罩轮廓的设计同样可抵挡两侧的偏光.图中的样品好象没有序列号,因此很难判别它的生产年代.尽管它还不能算是一种艺术科技,但仍具有多曾镀膜的技术.
The GG95 7x40, year of production: Late 1990s
也来翻译一篇： 军镜
This Chinese 7x40 binocular is produced in Nanjing and represents the military issued version of the Hioptic MBHA0740r. I was unable to figure out whether both versions do actually differ in any specifications, but I suspect the military sample to have a somewhat improved coating. The optical design is featuring an air-spaced doublet objective (tele-objective type) and an ocular construction using five lens elements in three groups. According to the manual, this binocular is immersible in 1.5m deep water for one hour and operational within -43 to +55 degs. centigrade. In contrast to most other military binoculars, it has got no rubber armor. The imprint on the left prism housing reads 'Y/GG95-7' and I shall refer to it as 'GG95'.
GG95 7x40,90年代末生产.
此中国7X40军镜在南京生产制造.它和中式7x40 MBHA0740r版本一致.我无法衡量出这两种军镜在规格和参数上具体有哪些不同,但我怀疑这个军用镜在某种程度上改善了镀膜.此光学上的设计具有物镜高度密封的特点.目镜结构为五片三组.说明书上指示,次镜可浸泡在1.5米水深处1小时.工作温度范围为零下43 到 零上55摄氏度.与其他军镜不同的是它没有一个胶皮的外壳.在左边棱镜处有'Y/GG95-7'的字样, 我应该把它当作GG95,95式吧.
The Avimo 7x42, year of production: 1980
也来翻译一篇： 军镜
This 7x42 binocular was made by Avimo Optical Imaging (now: Thales Optics) in UK during the 1980s. It was later licensed to Rollei Germany, and nowadays Russian copies made by BELOMO in St. Petersburg have been spotted on Internet auction sites. This binocular has got a characteristic body shape. It is reported (in Seeger's book about military optics) that these devices were not popular with the British troops in combat conditions during the Falklands war, because of their curious 'cranked' tubes. This meant that the observer had to move his head up a few inches higher than with conventional constructions. This binocular is of fixed-focus type and has to be used with eye-glasses by anybody with visual defects. Its eye-relief is long enough, however, and the telescopic eye-cups are effectively shielding any side-stray light. The present sample was made in 1980.
Avimo 7x42,1980年生产
此款7X42的望远镜是英国的Avimo Optical Imaging ( 现在叫做: THALES OPTICS)于八十年代制造的,此后又授权德国的ROLLEI代理生产,现今被俄罗斯BELOMO仿制并在互连网上进行拍卖.此款军用望远镜没有个性华的外形.据SEEGER’S 的书里有关军用望远镜的记载),英军在Falklands战役时期并不很喜欢用它,由于它’曲柄’型的身体让观察者必须头部高出它主框架几英寸来进行观看.此款定焦式的望远镜没有个性化的目镜曲光镜调节.虽然有足够长的出瞳直径,但它可伸缩的眼罩可有效的遮挡两侧的偏光.图中的镜子是1980年制造的.
The Swarovski Habicht 7x42, current production
The 7x42 Habicht is made by the Austrian manufacturer Swarovski and the only civilian binocular of this test. It can be regarded as a modern high-end Porro of classical design, but made with state of the art materials, lens coating and sealing techniques. Despite of its central focuser, it is fully waterproof and nitrogen filled, and there also exists a rubberized ('GA') version. I was informed that a couple of 7x42 GA binoculars are in service at the Austrian army, so this is actually not a fully civilian glass. Compared to its competitors, it is amazingly light and mobile, but the eye-relief of 14mm may be a little short for comfortable use with eye-glasses. In Germany, this binocular costs about 600 Euro (the 'GA' version: 700 Euro).
Swarovski Habicht 7x42 仍在继续生产.
施华洛世奇Habicht 7x42 由奥地利的SWAROVSHI设计制造,我只对它来进行民用测验.它可以被看作是现代经典普罗镜设计风格的终结.它具有工艺性的材料,镀膜镜片,和密封技术.尽管它有中心调焦器,但还是全面防水,冲氮, GA版的是包胶外壳.我听说奥地利的军队也征用了该款望远镜,因为它并不是完全的民用型望远镜.和它的竞争对手相比,它出奇的轻便.但也许14mm的出瞳距离短了点.在德国此款望远镜要600欧元,GA版的要700欧元.
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也来翻译一篇： 军镜
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-28 22:22:44编辑过]
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也来翻译一篇： 军镜
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>厉害!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!</P>
